Adaptive Learning: Annotated Bibliography of Select Scholarly & Gray Literature References

area of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), also known as Cognitive Tutors. However, much of the research to date involves domain-specific prototype systems developed by the researchers with the goal advancing theory, design (pedagogical and technical), and efficacy of various adaptive learning/artificial intelligence approaches relative to desired teaching/learning outcomes. This information is valuable for educational researchers and those interested in developing a deeper understanding the ongoing development of adaptive learning technologies and approaches. For institutional decision makers who are actively considering the adoption of ITS or the more recent content-agnostic adaptive delivery platforms, the practical or applied value of the developmental research may be somewhat limited, given that many of the systems examined are neither publicly available (beyond research interests/projects) nor actively maintained/supported beyond the initial research project.